Shijie Wang

Language testing and assessment, especially in the context of second language acquisition, are instrumental in shaping educational trajectories and societal integration (Lynch, 2001). These processes, however, are not merely technical or administrative tasks; they are deeply embedded with ethical considerations that directly influence their fairness, transparency, and accountability (Estaji, 2011)

Q1: How and why is acquiring a second language unlike acquiring a first language? Unravelling the complexities that underlie the phenomenon of acquiring a second language (L2) in contrast to a first language (L1) unveils remarkable distinctions that can be attributed to (1) the order of acquisition and (2) the

In the pursuit of comprehensive language education, it is essential to examine the social dynamics inherent in digital language learning platforms (Faizi et al., 2014; Zhou, 2021). As online resources become increasingly vital for acquiring knowledge, exploring the discourses they propagate warrants further investigation (Witschge, 2008). This study employs Fairclough&

The emergence of English as an international language has instigated a paradigm shift in the approach to English language teaching. This transformation raises questions regarding the most suitable candidates for instructing English, thus contesting the conventional assumption that native English-speaking teachers are the most adept. This essay concentrates on exploring